UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
Form
10-KSB
x ANNUAL REPORT
UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the
fiscal year ended February 29, 2008
o TRANSITION REPORT UNDER
SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the
transition period from ____ to _____
MEXORO
MINERALS LTD.
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Colorado
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0-23561
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84-1431797
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(State
or other jurisdiction of incorporation)
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(Commission
File Number)
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(IRS
Employer Identification Number)
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C.
General Retana
#706
Col. San Felipe
Chihuahua,
Chih. Mexico
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31203
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(Address
of principal executive offices)
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(Zip
Code)
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Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code: (800) 661-7830
Securities
registered under Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of
each class
N/A
Securities
registered under Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common
Stock
(Title of
Class)
Check
whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such
shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Check if
there is no disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405 of
Regulation S-B contained in this form, and no disclosure will be contained, to
the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-KSB or any
amendment to this Form 10-KSB. ___
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ____ No _X_
State
issuer's revenue for its most recent fiscal year: $nil
State the
number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common equity,
as of the latest practicable date: outstanding shares: 26,749,502 as of
May 12, 2008; outstanding warrants: 2,632,500 as of May
12, 2008; outstanding options: 3,725,000 of which 1,862,250 have vested as of
May 12, 2008. Total number of fully diluted shares at May 12, 2008:
33,107,002.
ITEM
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Background
Mexoro
Minerals Ltd. (formerly known as Sunburst Acquisitions IV, Inc.) (“the Company,”
or “Mexoro”) was incorporated in the State of Colorado on August 27, 1997. We
were formed to seek out and acquire business opportunities. Between 1997 and
2003, we engaged in two business acquisitions and one business opportunity, none
of which generated a significant profit or created a sustainable business for
us.
On May 3,
2004, we completed a “Share Exchange Agreement” with Sierra Minerals and Mining,
Inc. (“Sierra Minerals”), a Nevada corporation, which caused Sierra Minerals to
become our wholly owned subsidiary. At the time of the share exchange
transaction, Sierra Minerals held, through a joint venture with Minera Rio
Tinto, S.A. de C.V. (“MRT”), a company duly incorporated pursuant to the laws of
the United Mexican States, mineral concessions and options to obtain certain
mineral concessions on properties in Chihuahua, Mexico. Because Sierra Minerals
was not a Mexican company, it was prohibited by Mexican law from owning the
mineral concessions directly. The joint venture allowed Sierra Minerals to have
rights to these concessions while maintaining compliance with Mexican law. MRT
was controlled, and continues to be controlled, by Mario Ayub. Concurrently with
the Share Exchange Agreement, Mr. Ayub became a director, and later Chief
Operating Officer, of Mexoro. In August 2005, Mexoro cancelled the joint venture
agreement in order to pursue the mineral exploration opportunity through a new
wholly owned Mexican subsidiary. On January 20, 2006, Sierra Minerals was
dissolved.
In August
2005, we created a wholly owned Mexican subsidiary corporation, Sunburst de
Mexico, S.A. de C.V. (“Sunburst de Mexico”). On August 25, 2005, Sunburst de
Mexico, Mexoro and MRT entered into agreements in which MRT assigned to Sunburst
de Mexico the right to explore and exploit two properties in Mexico. MRT had
previously acquired property rights from the owners, Corporativo Minero, S.A. de
C.V. (“Corporativo Minero”), and Compañía Minera De Namiquipa, S. A. de C. V.
(“Compañía Minera”), respectively. There is no relationship between either
Corporativo Minero or Compañía Minera, their officers, directors and affiliates
and Mexoro’s subsidiaries, officers, directors and affiliates. Concurrent with
assigning to Sunburst de Mexico its rights to these two properties, MRT assigned
to Sunburst de Mexico the option, but not the obligation, to purchase additional
mineral concessions on a separate property, also located in Chihuahua,
Mexico.
Through
Sunburst de Mexico, we are engaged in the exploration of four gold and silver
exploration properties, each made up of several mining concessions, located in
the State of Chihuahua, Mexico. (“Mining Concessions” refers to an area of land
for which the owner of the concession has the right to explore for and develop
mineral deposits. The rights to and ownership of the minerals in the concessions
were granted, in our case, originally by the Mexican Government to the former
concession owners, and then to us from those owners. In Canada and the United
States, the term is commonly referred to as “Mineral Rights” or “Mining
Claims.”) These properties are generally referred to as the
Cieneguita Property, the Guazapares Property, the Encino Gordo Property and the
Sahauyacan Property. We will own 100% of the Cieneguita Property upon completion
of a payment of $2,000,000 to Corporativo Minero and we have the option to
purchase the Guazapares Property. In August 2005, we purchased two Encino Gordo
mineral concessions for $100, and we have exercised our option to purchase three
additional Encino Gordo mineral concessions from an unrelated third party, all
of which now comprise the Encino Gordo Property.
In
December 2005, Mexoro and Sunburst de Mexico entered into a new agreement with
MRT (the “New Agreement”). In the New Agreement, Sunburst de Mexico exercised
its option to purchase three additional mining concessions in the Encino Gordo
region. The New Agreement required the Company to issue to MRT two million
shares of Mexoro’s common stock within four months of the date of the signing of
the New Agreement. These shares were issued on February 23, 2006. Under the
terms of the New Agreement, MRT had the option to buy all of the outstanding
shares of Sunburst de Mexico for $100 if the Company failed to transfer
$1,500,000 to Sunburst de Mexico by April 30, 2006. However, in April 2006, the
parties amended the New Agreement to delete both the required transfer of
$1,500,000 to Sunburst de Mexico along with MRT’s option to purchase all of the
shares of Sunburst de Mexico. The New Agreement also requires the Company to
issue one million additional shares of common stock to MRT when, if ever,
production of the Cieneguita Property reaches 85% of production
capacity.
On
October 24, 2006, we purchased exclusive exploration rights and an option to
purchase several additional mineral concessions, collectively referred to as the
Sahauyacan Property, in Chihuahua, Mexico, from Minera Emilio, S.A. de
C.V.,(“Minera Emilio”). There is no relationship between Minera Emilio, its
officers, directors and affiliates and Mexoro‘s subsidiaries, officers,
directors and affiliates. In order to maintain the right to explore the
Sahauyacan Property, the Company paid $30,000 upon execution of the agreement
and must pay $252,000 in monthly installments over a five year term. In order to
purchase the Sahauyacan Property, Mexoro must pay $300,000 in cash or $500,000
in shares of the Company within the term of the option. The Company must also
pay a royalty of 3% or 4% of “Net Revenues”. Net Revenue is calculated by
subtracting smelting expenses, added value taxes and all other taxes on
production sales from revenue described in detail below.
On
February 13, 2006, the shareholders of the Company approved a 1:50 reverse split
of its issued and outstanding common stock with one new share issued for each 50
old shares. Prior to the reverse split, the Company had 189,994,324 shares of
common stock issued and outstanding. Immediately following the reverse split,
the Company had 3,799,887 shares issued and outstanding. All figures relating to
shares of common stock or price of shares of common stock herein reflect the
1:50 reverse split unless otherwise indicated.
We
changed our name to Mexoro Minerals Ltd. on February 15, 2006. As of the date of
this report, we are considered to be an exploration stage corporation, as that
term is defined in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”)
Industry Guide 7, as we are engaged in the search for mineral deposits but not
engaged in the preparation of an established commercially mineable deposit for
extraction or in the exploitation of a mineral deposit.
Prior
Acquisitions
In August
1999, we invested $1,000,000 in Prologic Management Systems, Inc. (“Prologic”),
which was engaged in the business of providing systems integration services,
networking services, software development and applications software for the
commercial market. The investment in Prologic was made in anticipation of a
business combination with that company. As part of that transaction, we acquired
3,459,972 shares of Prologic. However, the agreement to complete a business
combination was terminated prior to its consummation and in March 2000 we
charged off our investment to operations.
In
January 2001, we entered into an agreement with Prologic to recover a portion of
our investment. Pursuant to that agreement, on February 16, 2001, we completed
the sale of 2,859,972 shares of stock in Prologic to Prologic, or its designees,
for a total sales price of $400,000. Of the sale price, $325,000 was paid in
cash at closing and $75,000 through Prologic’s execution of a promissory note.
The promissory note bore interest at the rate of 10% per annum and required
payments of $25,000 principal, plus accrued interest, on each of April 12, 2001,
July 12, 2001 and October 12, 2001, none of which were ever received by us.
Subsequently, Prologic declared bankruptcy and we wrote the promissory note off
as uncollectible.
We
retained ownership of a total of 600,000 shares of Prologic, which we
subsequently sold. Such shares were “restricted securities” as defined in Rule
144 under the Securities Act of 1933. The shares were sold in accordance with
the provisions of Rule 144.
HBC was a
development stage company formed for the purpose of developing and producing
original entertainment and information programming for various media including
domestic and foreign broadcast, cable and satellite television, home video, DVD
sales and rentals and the Internet. The Company was not able to generate
significant revenues from any of the sources it relied upon in establishing its
business model.
On
September 28, 2001, the Company completed the sale of its wholly-owned
subsidiary HBC for $1,000 in cash.
Prior
Business Activities
On
February 27, 2002, we were assigned a sub-distributorship agreement pursuant to
a contract between 1357784 Ontario Ltd. and Romlight International, Inc.
(“Romlight International”), a company based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. There
was no affiliation between 1357784 Ontario Ltd. and Romlight International and
Prologic, HBC, Sierra Minerals, Mexoro, their officers, directors or affiliates.
Pursuant to the sub-distributorship agreement, we became the exclusive worldwide
distributor to the hydroponics industry of digital electronic lighting ballasts.
This sub-distributorship agreement was assigned to our wholly owned subsidiary,
Sunburst Digital, Inc. (“Sunburst Digital”), a Canadian corporation. In January
2003, the contract between 1357784 Ontario Ltd. and Romlight International and
our sub-distributorship agreement were cancelled. On April 2, 2003, Sunburst
Digital signed an agreement directly with Romlight International containing
terms and conditions substantially identical to the terms of the
sub-distributorship agreement.
We paid
Romlight International a deposit of $183,454 for the sub-distributorship. Due to
quality control issues, the ballasts were never sold, and we wrote off our
entire deposit and ceased to operate Sunburst Digital. Sunburst Digital was
administratively dissolved on March 31, 2006. We had no operations between the
cessation of these activities and the acquisition of Sierra
Minerals.
Current
Operations
On May 3,
2004, we entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with the shareholders of Sierra
Minerals, which was incorporated in Nevada on March 19, 2004. As a result of
this transaction, Sierra Minerals became our wholly owned subsidiary. Pursuant
to the Share Exchange Agreement, we agreed to loan to MRT, on behalf of Sierra
Minerals, $147,500 to be evidenced by an 8% promissory note signed by MRT. In
addition, and as a result of the closing of this Share Exchange Agreement, we
paid a finders’ fee to two corporate entities whereby we issued an aggregate of
120,000 five year options to purchase shares of our common stock, at a price of
$0.50 per share, as follows: 60,000 were issued to T.R. Winston & Company,
LLC and 60,000 were issued to Liberty Management, LLC. T.R. Winston &
Company, LLC, Liberty Management, LLC, and their officers, directors and
affiliates are not affiliates of Mexoro, Sierra Minerals, MRT or their officers,
directors, and affiliates.
Sierra
Minerals had no operations between its date of incorporation and April 26, 2005.
Sierra Minerals was a party to a joint venture agreement dated April 26, 2004
and amended on June 1, 2004, by and between Sierra Minerals and MRT. MRT had the
right to acquire certain mineral concessions, the Cieneguita Property and
Guazapares Property, as explained below. Under the terms of the joint venture,
MRT and Sierra Minerals planned to form a Mexican corporation, of which Sierra
Minerals would own 60% and MRT would own 40%. Sierra Minerals was required to
invest $1,000,000 in this corporation within 30 days of the signing of the joint
venture agreement and to secure an additional $2,000,000 line of credit for the
new company. In exchange, MRT would transfer its rights in the mineral
concessions to the new corporation. MRT was appointed as the operator of the
Cieneguita Property. Sierra Minerals advanced $167,500 to MRT, pursuant to the
joint venture agreement, to pay for costs associated with the rights. However,
Sierra Minerals did not meet the deadline of investing $1,000,000 into the new
corporation. MRT retained the $167,500 as liquidated damages under the joint
venture agreement; Sierra Minerals was not required to pay any additional
damages.
The board
of directors decided that it wanted to hold these mineral concessions and
options for mineral concessions directly instead of through a joint venture
agreement due to its belief that holding the title directly is a stronger legal
position for the Company. Consequently, the joint venture agreement was
cancelled and a new subsidiary formed. Once the joint venture agreement was
cancelled, Sierra Minerals no longer had any rights to the mineral
concessions.
On August
25, 2005, we entered into a new arrangement with MRT. Instead of a joint
venture, we formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Sunburst de Mexico, which was
incorporated in Mexico. Because Sunburst de Mexico is a Mexican corporation,
this restructuring allowed us to take title to the properties directly in the
name of Sunburst de Mexico rather than holding the interests in a joint venture.
We entered into agreements with MRT, which gave Sunburst de Mexico options to
purchase the mineral concessions of the Cieneguita and Guazapares Properties and
the right of first refusal on two Encino Gordo Properties. The parties also
entered into an operating agreement (which has subsequently been cancelled) that
gave MRT the sole and exclusive right and authority to manage the Cieneguita
Property. (This right had also been granted to MRT under the joint venture
agreement with Sierra Minerals.)
The
material provisions of the Company’s property agreements are as
follows:
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(1)
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MRT
assigned to Sunburst de Mexico, with the permission of Corporativo Minero
(the “Cieneguita Owner”), all of MRT’s rights and obligations acquired
under a previous agreement, the “Cieneguita Option Agreement”, including
the exclusive option to acquire the Cieneguita concessions for a price of
$2,000,000. The Cieneguita Option Agreement states that the Company is to
make yearly payments on May 6 of each year in the amount of $120,000 for
the next 13 years and a final payment of the outstanding balance owed on
the $2,000,000 in the 14th year to the Cieneguita Owner to keep the option
in good standing. The Company renegotiated the payment due May 6, 2007, to
$60,000 payable on November 6, 2007, which was paid and the balance of
$60,000 was paid on December 20, 2007. Once the full $2,000,000 payment
has been made, we will own the concessions. Yearly payments will need to
be made from working capital. We do not have the capital at this time to
fund the ongoing payments. We will need to raise the funds through the
sale of debt or equity. We do not have any sources for such capital at
this time. In the alternative, if Cieneguita is put into production, of
which there is no guarantee, we must pay the Cieneguita Owner $20 per
ounce of gold produced, if any, from the Cieneguita concessions up to the
total $2,000,000 due. In the event that the price of gold is above $400
per ounce, the property payments payable to the Cieneguita Owners from
production will be increased by $0.10 for each dollar increment the spot
price of gold trades over $400 per ounce. The total payment of $2,000,000
does not change with fluctuations in the price of gold. Non-payment of any
portion of the $2,000,000 total payment will constitute a default. In such
case, the Cieneguita Owners will retain ownership of the concessions, but
we will not incur any additional default penalty. MRT retained no interest
in the Cieneguita Property.
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(2)
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MRT
assigned Sunburst de Mexico, with the consent of Compañía
Minera (the “Guazapares Owner”) MRT’s rights and obligations concerning
the Guazapares Property, including the exclusive option under the
“Guazapares Option Agreement”, for a term of four years, to purchase seven
of the Guazapares concessions upon payment of $910,000. In return,
Sunburst de Mexico granted MRT a 2.5% Net Smelter Royalty (“NSR”) and the
right to extract from the Guazapares concessions up to 5,000 tons per
month of rock material; this right will terminate on exercise of the
option to purchase the concessions. MRT retained no interest in the
Guazapares Property.
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(3)
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Sunburst
de Mexico purchased two of the Encino Gordo concessions from MRT for a
price of 1,000 pesos (approximately US$90), and MRT assigned to Sunburst
de Mexico a first right of refusal to acquire three additional Encino
Gordo concessions. The Company has the option to acquire 100% of the
additional three Encino Gordo concessions subject to a 2.5% NSR and the
obligation to make the scheduled property payments totaling
$500,000.
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(4)
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MRT
assigned to Sunburst de Mexico, for a term of 60 months, commencing from
June 25, 2004 (the “Option Period”), with the consent of Minera Rachasa,
S.A. de C. V. (the “San Francisco Concessions Owner”), MRT’s rights and
obligations acquired under the “San Francisco Option Agreement”, including
the option to purchase the San Francisco concession for a price of
$250,000 (the “Purchase Price”). MRT and the San Francisco Concessions
Owner reserved a combined 2.5% NSR. MRT reserved no other rights in the
San Francisco concessions. To maintain the option, Sunburst de Mexico
assumed the obligation to pay to the San Francisco Concessions Owner
cumulative annual payments totaling $90,000; if the option is exercised
prior to the expiration of the Option Period by payment of the Purchase
Price, the obligation to pay the annual payments will be
terminated.
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(5)
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MRT
assigned to Sunburst de Mexico, with the consent of the Rafael Fernando
Astorga Hernández (“San Antonio Concessions Owner”), MRT’s rights and
obligations acquired under the San Antonio Option Agreement, including the
option to purchase the San Antonio concessions for a price of $500,000
(the “Purchase Price”) commencing from January 15, 2004, the date of
signing of the “San Antonio Option Agreement” (the “Option Period”). MRT
and the San Antonio Concessions Owner reserved a combined 2.5% NSR to be
paid to them. MRT reserved no other rights in the San Antonio concessions.
To maintain the option, Sunburst de Mexico assumed the obligation to pay
to the San Antonio Concessions Owner cumulative annual payments totaling
$150,000; if the option is exercised prior to the expiration of the Option
Period by payment of the Purchase Price, the obligation to pay the annual
payments will be terminated. The San Antonio Concessions Owner reserved
the right to extract from the San Antonio concessions up to 50 tonnes per
day of rock material; this right will terminate on the date of the
exercise of the option.
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Also on
August 25, 2005, the parties signed an operator’s agreement (which has
subsequently been cancelled, as discussed below) pursuant to which Sunburst de
Mexico engaged MRT as the operator of the Cieneguita Property. MRT was to be
paid an operator’s fee based on the functions performed and an operator’s bonus
equal to 10% of the net proceeds of production if operating cash costs did not
exceed $230 per ounce of gold produced from the Cieneguita Property. The
operator’s fee was to be: (a) with respect to programs: (i) 2% for each
individual contract which expressly includes an overhead charge by the party
contracted; (ii) 5% for each individual contract which exceeds $50,000; (iii)
15% of all other costs not included; (b) with respect to construction: 2 % of
all other such costs; (c) 3.5% of operating costs after the completion of
construction on Cieneguita. MRT’s duties were to (a) comply with the provisions
of all agreements or instruments of title under which the Cieneguita Property or
assets were held; (b) pay all costs properly incurred promptly as and when due;
(c) keep the Cieneguita Property and assets free of all liens and encumbrances
arising out of the mining operations and, in the event of any lien being filed
as aforesaid, proceed with diligence to contest or discharge the same; (d)
perform such assessment work or make payments in lieu thereof and pay such
rentals, taxes or other payments and do all such other things as may be
necessary to maintain the Cieneguita Property in good standing, (e) maintain
books of account in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
provided that the judgment of the operator, as to matters related to the
accounting, shall govern if the operator’s accounting practices are in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the mining industry
in Canada; (f) perform its duties and obligations in accordance with sound
mining and engineering practices and other practices customary in the Canadian
mining industry, and in substantial compliance with all applicable federal,
state and municipal laws of Mexico; and (g) prepare and deliver
reports.
The
parties also signed a share option agreement pursuant to which Sunburst granted
to MRT the exclusive option to acquire up to 100% of all outstanding shares of
Sunburst de Mexico if Mexoro did not (a) comply with the terms of the underlying
Cieneguita Option Agreement, the San Antonio Option Agreement, the San Francisco
Option Agreement and the Guazapares Option Agreement and (b) loan to Sunburst de
Mexico the amounts of $1,000,000 by December 31, 2005 and $1,000,000 by April
30, 2006. If the option to purchase 100% of the shares of the capital of
Sunburst de Mexico were exercised by MRT, MRT was obligated to return to the
Company for cancellation all of the shares of the capital of Mexoro issued by
the Company to MRT and Mario Ayub. No finder’s fees were paid in these
agreements.
On
December 8, 2005, Mexoro and Sunburst de Mexico entered into a new agreement
with MRT (the “New Agreement’) to exercise their option under the August 18,
2005 “Sale and Purchase of Mining Concessions Agreement” to obtain two mining
concessions in the Encino Gordo region. The New Agreement modified the Company’s
property agreements, as discussed below. The following are additional material
terms of the New Agreement:
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(1)
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The
share option agreement with MRT was
cancelled.
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(2)
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The
Company granted MRT the option to buy all of the outstanding shares of
Sunburst de Mexico for $100 if the Company failed to transfer $1,500,000
to Sunburst de Mexico by April 30, 2006. On April 6, 2006, MRT agreed to
waive its option to purchase the shares of Sunburst de Mexico and also
waived Mexoro’s obligation to transfer $1,500,000 to Sunburst de
Mexico.
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(3)
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The
property agreements were modified to change the NSR to a maximum of 2.5%
for all properties covered by the Agreements. The property agreements
contained NSRs ranging from 0.5% to
7%.
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(4)
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The
Company agreed to issue 2,000,000 shares of the Company to MRT within four
months of the date of the signing of the New Agreement. These shares were
issued to MRT and its assignee, Etson, Inc., on February 23, 2006. This
issuance fulfilled the Company’s payment obligations under the previous
property agreements.
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(5)
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The
Company agreed to issue 1,000,000 additional shares of the Company’s
common stock to MRT when the Cieneguita Property is put into production,
if ever, and it reaches 85% of production capacity over a 90-day period,
as defined in the New Agreement.
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(6)
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The
New Agreement gave Sunburst de Mexico the option to obtain three
additional concessions in the Encino Gordo
region.
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(7)
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The
operator’s agreement with MRT was
cancelled.
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Unless
explicitly superseded or terminated by the New Agreement, as discussed above,
the terms of the Company’s existing property agreements remain in effect. Under
the New Agreement, MRT has assigned to Sunburst de Mexico rights it acquired in
a contract with Corporativo Minero. MRT entered into an agreement with
Corporativo Minero on January 12, 2004 by which it acquired the right to explore
and exploit the Cieneguita Property and purchase it for $2,000,000. MRT paid
$150,000 upon execution of the agreement and two months later paid $200,000.
This agreement gave MRT the exclusive right and option, but not the obligation,
to purchase, during the term of the mining concessions of the property, an
undivided 100% title to the mining concessions and the exclusive right to carry
out mining activities on any portion of the mining concessions. Under our
agreements with MRT, MRT has assigned this agreement and all of its rights and
obligations there under, to us. As of the date of this annual report, $590,000
of the $2,000,000 has been paid to Corporativo Minero by MRT ($350,000 paid) and
Sunburst de Mexico ($120,000 paid in “no production” penalty fees). Sunburst de
Mexico had the obligation of bringing the property to production on or prior to
May 6, 2006. The Cieneguita Property was not in production as of May 6, 2006
and, therefore, Sunburst de Mexico had the obligation to pay $120,000 to
Corporativo Minero on May 6, 2006 to extend the contract. Through discussions
with Mexoro, Corporativo Minero agreed to reduce the obligation to $60,000, of
which $10,000 was paid in April 2006. Sunburst de Mexico was then required to
pay the remaining $50,000 by May 6, 2006. We made this payment to Corporativo
Minero and the contract was extended. The Company renegotiated the payment due
May 6, 2007, to $60,000 payable on November 6, 2007, which was paid and the
balance of $60,000, which was paid on December 20, 2007. Payment of $60,000 on
the $120,000 that was due to the concession holders was made in May 2008 with
the balance of the payment due to be paid in June 2008. We have the obligation
to pay a further $120,000 per year on May 6 of each year, until the total of
$2,000,000 is paid. We are currently not in default on our
payments.
If the
property is put into production, of which there is no assurance, then the
contract calls for the remaining payments to be paid from the sale of gold, up
to a total of $2,000,000. The payments, if the property should go into
production, would be as follows: The remainder of the $2,000,000 payment would
be paid out of production from the Cieneguita Property at a rate of $20 dollars
per ounce of gold sold. However, in the event that the price of gold exceeds
$400, then Sunburst de Mexico would be required to pay an additional $0.10 per
each ounce for every dollar the spot price of gold trades over $400. Once
$2,000,000 is paid, there is no further obligation to Corporativo Minero.
Non-payment of any portion of the $2,000,000 total payment will constitute a
default. In such case, Corporativo Minero would retain ownership of the
concessions, but we will not incur any additional default penalty. Corporativo
Minero has the obligation to pay, from the funds they receive from us, any
royalties that may be outstanding on the properties from prior periods.
Corporativo Minero has informed us that there were royalties of up to 7% NSR
owned by various former owners of the Cieneguita Property. They have informed us
that the corporations holding those royalties have been dissolved and that there
is no further legal requirement to make these royalty payments. We can make no
assurance that we will not ultimately be responsible to pay all or some of the
7% NSR to these former royalty holders if the property was ever put into
production and Corporativo Minero did not make the payments to the royalty
holders. MRT no longer has any ownership interest or payment obligations with
respect to any of the concessions discussed herein.
On May
15, 2006, Sunburst de Mexico entered into an exploration contract with Jose
Maria Rascon Rascon and Sabino Amador Rascon Polanco and with Rene Muro Lugo
(all three representatives constitute the “Concessionaires”) for the Segundo
Santo Nino concession on the Sahauyacan Property. Each concession representative
owns 33.3% of the total Segundo Santo Nino title. The Company must pay the
Concessionaires a total of $255,000 for this concession. The total payments to
acquire 100% of this concession are as follows: all payments up to November 15,
2007 totaling $50,000 have been paid, May 15, 2008 - $15,000, November 15, 2008
- $20,000, May 15, 2009 - $20,000, November 15, 2009 - $30,000 and May 15, 2010
- $120,000.
On June
21, 2006, Sunburst de Mexico entered into an Exploration and Sale Option
Agreement of Mining Concessions (the “Exploration Agreement”) with Minera Emilio
for mineral concessions in Chihuahua, Mexico on the Sahauyacan Property. Minera
Emilio owns 100% of the Sahauyacan Property. There is no affiliation between
Minera Emilio and the Company or its officers, directors or
affiliates.
Under the
Exploration Agreement, Minera Emilio granted the Company the exclusive right to
conduct exploration on the Sahauyacan Property. The Company must pay Minera
Emilio $282,000 in the following manner: (i) $30,000 payable at the
execution of the Agreement (this amount has been paid); (ii) $2,500 per month as
of August 21, 2006, and so on for each month elapsed for twelve months, on the
21st day of each month (these amounts have been paid); (iii) $3,500
per month as of the beginning of the second yearly term, that is, as of August
21, 2007, and every month, on the 21st day of each month, for the whole second
yearly term (the first 7 months of these payments have been made and are in good
standing for a total amount of $24,500); and (iv) $5,000 monthly, during the
third, fourth, and fifth yearly term, on the 21st. day of each month. The term
of the Exploration Agreement is five years from the date of execution by Minera
Emilio, which is June 22, 2011. While Minera Emilio signed the agreement on June
22, 2006, further negotiations occurred and the Company signed the agreement on
October 24, 2006. Non-payment of any of the payments owed would constitute a
default under the Exploration Agreement. As of the date of this annual report,
we have not been given notice of any default. In the event we were given notice
and default was not cured in a timely manner, the Company would lose the right
to explore on the Sahauyacan Property and would lose the option to purchase the
mineral concessions.
Minera
Emilio also granted the Company the option to purchase the mineral claim. The
option shall expire on June 22, 2011. The Company must provide Minera Emilio
with 30 days written notice before exercising the option. The purchase price of
the mineral claim is $300,000 or the equivalent of $500,000 in restricted shares
of common stock of Mexoro based upon the market value of such shares during the
30 days preceding notice of the intent to exercise the option. The Company must
complete a feasibility survey within three years from the date the option is
exercised.
After
exercising the option, the Company must pay Minera Emilio royalties on any
mineral ore that is sold from the mineral claim. The rate of the royalties due
varies based on the price of gold on the London Metal Exchange (the “Price”). If
the Price is less than or equal to $600 per ounce, the royalty due is 3% of Net
Revenue. If the Price is higher than $600 per ounce, the royalty due is 4% of
the Net Revenue. Net Revenue is calculated by subtracting smelting expenses,
added value taxes, and all other taxes on production sales from
revenue.
On
January 25 2008, Sunburst de Mexico entered into an exploration and option
agreement with Maria Luisa Wong Madrigal for mineral concessions under the “La
Maravilla” project on the Sahauyacan Property. The Company must pay Maria Luisa
Wong Madrigal $600,000 in the following manner: (i) $33,000 – January 25, 2008
(paid); (ii) $33,000 – July 25, 2008; (iii) $34,000 – January 25, 2009; (iv)
$500,000 – at the option to purchase the concession or in 36 months – January
25, 2010.
The La
Maravilla project concessions are subject to royalties of 2.0% over net
liquidations, which may be acquired by Sunburst de Mexico for $400,000 before
commercial production is initiated. This exploration and option agreement has
yet to be filed before the Mining Public Records Office as of the date of this
report.
In
addition, we intend to identify and obtain options on additional gold and silver
properties within the Chihuahua region, if possible. We will utilize our
management’s contacts in the Mexican mining community in order to find potential
properties that may be available. There can be no assurance that we will be able
to obtain any additional property on acceptable terms or at all.
On
September 19, 2007, Sunburst de Mexico, MRT and Mexoro entered into an Agreement
to Defer Guazapares Property Payments. This agreement modifies the agreement
entered into by MRT and Sunburst de Mexico on August 18, 2005 in regard to the
Guazapares concessions in Mexico. Under the original agreement
entered into by the parties on August 18, 2005, Sunburst de Mexico was obligated
to pay MRT US$60,000 on August 2, 2006 as part of the payments required for the
purchase of eight mineral concessions in the Guazapares area of Mexico. On July
18, 2006 the parties agreed to extend the due date for ninety days until October
31, 2006. MRT agreed to re-extend the due date for such payment by 120 days
until February 28, 2007 and then again to May 31, 2007. An oral agreement
extended the due date to August 31, 2007. Pursuant to the same
agreement entered into by the parties on August 18, 2005, Sunburst de Mexico was
obligated to pay MRT a further amount of US$140,000 on August 2, 2007 to
purchase the Guazapares concessions. MRT is a related party as it is
controlled by Mario Ayub, the President and a Director of Mexoro.
Under the
September 17, 2007 agreement, Sunburst de Mexico, MRT and Mexoro agree
that:
|
●
|
Any
and all property payments regarding Guazapares, then owing to MRT or which
would otherwise become due by December 31, 2007, will be deferred until
such time as Sunburst de Mexico and Mexoro have sufficient funds to make
the payments, in the opinion of the disinterested directors of Mexoro
and,
|
|
●
|
Mexoro
would issue 250,000 shares to MRT and/or assignees, in consideration for
the deferral of any and all Guazapares property payments then outstanding
or those arising on or before December 31,
2007.
|
Principal
Products
Our
principal product is the exploration for, and, if warranted, the mining and sale
of precious minerals. Because our properties are in the exploration stage, there
is no guarantee that any ore body will be found.
Mario
Ayub, the Company’s chief operating officer, is a past president of the National
Miners Association of Mexico and of the Chihuahua Miners Association, and
through his network, he has been able to discuss and obtain information on
potential mining properties. A potential mining property is identified first by
a visit to the property by a geologist. If the property has potential based upon
the geologist’s findings, another visit is made to gather more information by
taking surface samples and mapping the property. Also, geophysical work (in this
case mineral exploration techniques using electromagnetic instruments to measure
the conductivity of the rocks underground) may be performed before entering into
the negotiation process for a particular property.
Glossary
of Certain Mining Terms
ASSAY --
A chemical test performed on a sample of ores or minerals to determine the
amount of valuable metals contained.
AURIFEROUS
ZONE – An area of gold bearing rock.
BRECCIA
-- A rock in which angular fragments are surrounded by a mass of fine-grained
minerals.
COLUMN
TEST -- The process of putting sample ore in a PVC pipe 500 centimeters in
diameter and 2-3 meters high and applying lime and a cyanide solution. The
purpose of a column leach test is to collect kinetic information on the ore
being evaluated so that scale-up equations can be validated which will allow the
projection of the commercial heap leach operation's performance under different
operating scenarios.
DEVELOPMENT
DRILLING -- Drilling to establish accurate estimates of mineral
reserves.
DILUTION
(mining) -- Rock that is, by necessity, removed along with the mineralized ore
in the mining process, subsequently lowering the grade of the ore.
EPITHERMAL
DEPOSIT -- A mineral deposit consisting of veins and replacement bodies, usually
in volcanic or sedimentary rocks, containing precious metals, or, more rarely,
base metals.
EXPLORATION
-- Work involved in searching for ore, usually by sampling rocks, drilling or
driving a drift.
HEAP
LEACHING -- A process involving the percolation of a cyanide solution through
crushed ore heaped on an impervious pad or base to dissolve minerals or metals
out of the ore.
HIGH
GRADE -- Rich ore. As a verb, it refers to selective mining of the best ore in a
deposit.
HYDROTHERMAL
-- An adjective applied to heated or hot magmatic emanations rich in water, to
the processes in which they are concerned, and to the rocks, ore deposits,
alteration products and springs produced by them.
INDICATED
MINERAL RESOURCE -- An ‘Indicated Mineral Resource’ is that part of a mineral
resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical
characteristics, can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow
the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support
mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The
estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration and testing information
gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops,
trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough for
geological and grade continuity to be reasonably assumed.
INFERRED
MINERAL RESOURCE -- An ‘Inferred Mineral Resource’ is that part of a mineral
resource for which quantity and grade or quality can be estimated on the basis
of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not
verified, geological and grade continuity. The estimate is based on limited
information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from locations
such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes.
LEACHABILITY
– The ability for cyanide solution in a heap leach operation to leach the
desirable minerals from the host rock and allow for recovery at an economic
level.
MINERAL
-- A naturally occurring homogeneous substance having definite physical
properties and chemical composition and, if formed under favorable conditions, a
definite crystal form.
MINERAL
RESERVE – A mineral reserve is the economically mineable part of a measured or
indicated mineral resource demonstrated by at least a preliminary feasibility
study. This study must include adequate information on mining, processing,
metallurgical, economic and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time
of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified. A mineral reserve
includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the
material is mined.
MINERAL
RESOURCE – A mineral resource is a concentration or occurrence of diamonds,
natural solid inorganic material, or natural solid fossilized organic material
including base and precious metals, coal, and industrial minerals in or on the
earth’s crust in such form and quantity and of such a grade or quality that it
has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade,
geological characteristics and continuity of a mineral resource are known,
estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and
knowledge.
MINERALIZATION
-- The act or process of mineralizing.
MINERALIZED
MATERIAL OR DEPOSIT -- A mineralized body which has been delineated by
appropriate drilling and/or underground sampling to support a sufficient tonnage
and average grade of metal(s). Under SEC standards, such a deposit does not
qualify as a reserve until a comprehensive evaluation, based upon unit cost,
grade, recoveries, and other factors, concludes economic
feasibility.
MINING
CONCESSION -- A term used to describe an area of land for which the owner of the
concession has the right to explore for and develop mineral deposits. The rights
to and ownership of the minerals in the concession are granted, in our case, by
the Mexican Government to the former owners who then either transferred or
optioned them to us. In Canada and the United States, the term is commonly
referred to as a Mineral Right or Mining Claim.
NET
SMELTER RETURN (“NSR”) -- A share of the net revenues generated from the sale of
metal produced by a mine.
ORE --
Mineralized material that can be mined and processed at a positive cash
flow.
OREBODY
-- A natural concentration of valuable material that can be extracted and sold
at a profit.
PRELIMINARY
FEASIBILITY STUDY -- A preliminary feasibility study is a comprehensive study of
the viability of a mineral project that has advanced to a stage where the mining
method, in the case of underground mining, or the pit configuration, in the case
of an open pit, has been established and an effective method of mineral
processing has been determined, and includes a financial analysis based on
reasonable assumptions of technical, engineering, legal, operating, economic,
social, and environmental factors and the evaluation of other relevant factors
which are sufficient for a qualified person, acting reasonably, to determine if
all or part of the mineral resource may be classified as a mineral
reserve.
QUALIFIED
PERSON – An individual who is an engineer or geoscientist with at least five
years of experience in mineral exploration, mine development or operation or
mineral project assessment, or any combination of these; has experience relevant
to the subject matter of the mineral project and the technical report; and is a
member or licensee in good standing of a professional association.
RECLAMATION
-- The restoration of a site after mining or exploration activity is
completed.
ROYALTY
-- An amount of money paid at regular intervals by the lessee or operator of an
exploration or mining property to the owner of the ground. The royalty,
generally, is based on a certain amount per ton or a percentage of the total
production or profits. Also, the fee paid for the right to use a patented
process.
SILVER
PAN AMALGAMATION MILL -- The raw ore is wet crushed with stamps, the crushed ore
is separated from the slurry in a settling tank and then the crushed ore is
charged with mercury (approximately 10% of the weight of the ore) in the
amalgamation pan. The amalgam is separated from the slurry and the silver and
gold is separated from the amalgam with a retort.
STRIKE
LENGTH – The actual or estimated length, generally measured in meters, of a
mineralized structure.
VEIN -- A
mineralized zone having a more or less regular development in length, width and
depth, which clearly separates it from neighboring rock.
Properties
All of
the properties discussed below are located in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
The following map illustrates the locations of Chihuahua and of the
properties:
Location
of Cieneguita, Encino Gordo and Guazapares Properties in Chihuahua,
Mexico
Cieneguita
Property
Property
Location
The
Cieneguita Property is located in the Baja Tarahumara in Cieneguita Lluvia De
Oro, an area of canyons in the Municipality of Urique, in southwest Chihuahua,
Mexico. The property is located within one half mile of the small village of
Cieneguita Lluvia de Oro. Access to the property is by an all weather dirt road.
There is available electrical power for the property generated by diesel
generators at Cieneguita Lluvia de Oro.
Claim Status and
Licensing
The
Cieneguita Property is currently owned by Corporativo Minero. Sunburst de Mexico
has the option of purchasing the concessions under the payment plan discussed
below. The concessions of this project cover a total area of 822 hectares
(approximately 2,031 acres). The following table is a summary of the concessions
on the Cieneguita Property:
|
Lot
Name
|
Title
Number
|
Area
(Ha)
|
Term of Validity
(2)
|
Royalties
and Payments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aurifero
|
196356
|
492.00
|
7/16/1993
to 7/15/2043
|
(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aurifero
Norte
|
196153
|
60.00
|
7/16/1993
to 7/15/2043
|
(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aquilon
Uno
|
208339
|
222.1077
|
9/23/1998
to 9/22/2048
|
(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
La
Maravilla
|
190479
|
48.00
|
4/29/1991
to 4/24/2041
|
(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) The
Cieneguita concessions are all under an option to purchase for $2,000,000 of
which $590,000 has been paid. MRT paid $150,000 upon execution of the agreement
with Corporativo Minero and two months later paid $200,000. Because the
Cieneguita property was not in production by May 6, 2006, Sunburst de Mexico was
required to pay $120,000 to Corporativo Minero to extend the contract. Through
discussions with Mexoro, Corporativo Minero agreed to reduce the obligation to
$60,000, of which $10,000 was paid in April 2006. Sunburst de Mexico was then
required to pay the remaining $50,000 by May 6, 2006. We made this payment to
Corporativo Minero so the contract has been extended. The Company renegotiated
the payment due May 6, 2007, to $60,000 payable on November 6, 2007, which was
paid and the balance of $60,000 was paid on December 20, 2007. We paid $60,000
on May 12, 2008 of the $120,000 due on May 6, 2008, with the balance to be paid
in June 2008. We are not in default on our payments. We have the obligation to
pay a further $120,000 per year for the next 13 years and the balance of
payments in the 14th year, until the total of $2,000,000 is paid. If the
property is put into production, of which there is no assurance, then the
contract calls for the remaining payments to be paid from the sale of gold, to
avoid termination of the agreement.
The
payments, if the property should go into production, would be as follows: The
remainder of the $2,000,000 payment will be paid out of production from the
Cieneguita Property at a rate of $20 dollars per ounce of gold sold. However, in
the event that the price of gold is in excess of $400, then Sunburst de Mexico
is required to accelerate payments by an additional $0.10 per each ounce for
every dollar of gold priced over $400. The total payment we are liable for is
$2,000,000. Once that amount is paid, we have no further obligation to
Corporativo Minero. Corporativo Minero has the obligation to pay, from the funds
they receive from us, any royalties that may be outstanding on the properties
from prior periods. Corporativo Minero has informed us that there were royalties
up to 7% NSR owned by various former owners of the property. They have informed
us that the corporations holding those royalties have been dissolved and that
there is no further legal requirement to make these royalty payments. We can
make no assurances that we will not ultimately be responsible to pay all or some
of the 7% NSR to these former royalty holders if the property were ever put into
production and Corporativo Minero did not make the payments to the royalty
holders. However, we do not see this potential for additional royalty payments
as a material risk to us.
(2) Amendments
to the Mexican mining laws took effect with the publication on December 21,
2005, including certain amendments to the Ley Federal de Derechos, the act that
sets forth the mining taxes' rates. Effective January 1, 2006, this legislation
has converted all of the former exploration and exploitive concessions in
Mexico, which carried maximum lives of six years, and 25 years,
respectively, into general concessions with a 50 year life from their date of
registration with the Mining Registry. The concessions are automatically
registered as soon as the concession mining rights are paid and no further paper
work is required. Our claims are currently in good standing and held by Sunburst
de Mexico. There will be no special documents sent to us to reflect the
change.
In April
2006, we applied to the Mexican government for a change of use of land permit
for 30 hectares of the La Maravilla concession. La Maravilla is the concession
that contains the mineralized rock that is the main interest of our exploration
on the Cieneguita Property. La Maravilla currently has no activity on it other
than our exploration program. The purpose of the change of use permit is to
allow us, if necessary, to extract the rock from this concession for the
purposes of processing to extract the precious metals that may be contained
therein. We made the application in advance of any known reserves being
discovered on the Cieneguita Property. We cannot assure that we will have
sufficient ore reserves, if any, to commence extraction. This permit required
negotiations with the government and municipality concerning such things as the
removal of timber, building and maintaining roads and reclamation. In January
2007, the government agency issued the change of use permit, and we subsequently
made the required payment of approximately $67,000 (720,000 Mexican
pesos).
In July
2006, we submitted an environmental impact study and a risk analysis study to
the Mexican government for a permit to build a heap leach mining operation on
the Aurifero concession of the Cieneguita Property. The purpose of this permit
is to allow us to construct an ore processing facility through heap leach mining
methods. We do not have any ore reserves on the Cieneguita Property and applied
for permits in advance of any conclusive results to partly limit our financial
exposure searching for precious metals. In January 2007, the necessary permits
to allow for the building and operation of a heap leach operation were granted
to the Company. If we are unable to extract and process our discoveries, if any,
then there is no need to continue exploration.
History
The
Cieneguita mine was in limited production in the 1990s. Over a four-year period,
the Cieneguita mine was operated by Mineral Glamis La Cieneguita S. de R.L. de
C.V. (“Glamis”), a subsidiary of the Canadian company Glamis Gold Ltd. (“Glamis
Gold”). Glamis was recently acquired by Goldcorp Inc. According to Glamis’
records, Glamis mined and processed 198,000 tonnes of ore grading 2.2 g/t gold
on the property in 1995, ceasing production shortly thereafter. At that time,
Corporativo Minero, the operator of the mine for Glamis, acquired the property.
MRT entered into an agreement with Corporativo Minero on January 12, 2004
pursuant to which MRT acquired all of the mineral rights from Corporativo Minero
to explore and exploit the Cieneguita concessions and to purchase them for
$2,000,000. Under our agreements with MRT, MRT has assigned this agreement to
us. As of the date of this annual report, $590,000 of the $2,000,000 has been
paid to Corporativo Minero. MRT paid $150,000 upon execution of this agreement
and two months later paid $200,000. We are obligated to make yearly payments on
these concessions to Corporativo Minero until the $2,000,000 has been paid.
Also, the agreement calls for the balance of the purchase price remaining to be
paid out of production, if any, on Cieneguita at a rate of $20 per ounce of gold
sold. However, in the event that the price of gold were to exceed $400, then
Sunburst de Mexico would be required to pay an additional $0.10 per each ounce
for every dollar gold trades over $400.
If
Cieneguita is never put into production, we are still obligated to pay the
$120,000 per year until the $2,000,000 is paid. Sunburst de Mexico made payments
to the property owners of $10,000 in April 2006 and $50,000 in May 2006 in lieu
of its obligation of bringing the property to production on or prior to May 6,
2006. Sunburst de Mexico has the obligation to pay $120,000 per year for the
years subsequent to May 6, 2006 until the $2,000,000 is paid or the mine is put
into production, if ever, in which case the remaining amount owed would be paid
out of any production of the property, to avoid termination of the agreement.
The Company renegotiated the payment due May 6, 2007, to $60,000 payable on
November 6, 2007, which was paid, and the balance of $60,000 which was paid on
December 20, 2007. The Company paid $60,000 of the $120,000 due on May 6, 2008,
with the balance to be paid in June 2008. We are not in default on our payments.
On termination of the agreement, there would be no further obligations by Mexoro
to any parties other than assuming responsibility for any reclamation work that
may need to be done as a result of exploration or mining activity if any should
occur.
Geology
The
Cieneguita Property is located in the mid-Tertiary domain of the Sierra Madre
Occidental of Chihuahua State, Mexico. This region is dominated by felsic
ignimbrites and reportedly represents the largest field of felsic volcanics in
the world (Jones, 2006).
Based on
the work of Jones (2006), who spent approximately two weeks on the Cieneguita
Property in mid-November of 2006, the Cieneguita Property appears to lie along
the eastern margin of a well-defined but previously unidentified collapse
caldera named the ‘Cieneguita Caldera’. The Cieneguita Caldera appears to be
part of a larger caldera complex which exhibits a rough north-south trend, which
may, at its southern end, include the El Sauzal project (a producing mine). As
suggested by Jones (2006), this north-south trending caldera complex may have
developed along a broad north-south arc related to post-Laramide collapse and
extension which occurred throughout western North America. The identification of
this nested caldera is considered important as the mineralization on the
Cieneguita Property appears to be controlled by volcano-structural features
related to the Cieneguita Caldera and the caldera complex in which it lies
(Jones, 2006).
Field
mapping by Jones (2006) has indicated that the Cieneguita Caldera is
approximately 15 kilometers in width and possibly up to 32 kilometers in length.
This mapping also identified a number of diagnostic features of calderas. These
include:
|
·
|
Significant
thicknesses of horizontally stratified tuff – interpreted as intracaldera
deposits.
|
|
·
|
Morphologic/topographic
break between ponded and outflow ignimbrites – interpreted as the
topographic caldera wall.
|
|
·
|
Ring
structure (based on satellite
imagery).
|
|
·
|
Landslide
deposits of caldera wallrocks that have been engulfed by intra-caldera
tuffs in the form of megabreccias.
|
Jones
(2006) has suggested that the Cieneguita deposit lies along the (eastern)
topographic rim of the Cieneguita Caldera. This interpretation is based on an
important litho-structural break between outward (easterly) dipping outflow
tuffs and horizontally stratified intra-caldera tuffs. Furthermore, erosion
appears to have reduced the rim to the level of the ring-fracture zone. This is
based on a number of well-defined north-south striking faults and shears in the
caldera wall (Jones, 2006).
Lithotypes
A number
of lithologies have been identified on the Cieneguita Property and have been
summarized by Jones (2006) below.
The
extra-caldera (caldera wall) lithologies include (from oldest to youngest) a
lower rhyolite tuff, an andesite vitrophyre, an upper rhyolite tuff and basaltic
dykes.
Field
observations indicate that the lower two units and portions of the third were
deposited prior to caldera formation. Landslide blocks of andesite vitrophyre
and portions of the upper rhyolite can be found engulfed by intra-caldera
tuffs.
These
units show relatively conformable dips in sequential beds demonstrating that
they were deposited on the margins of the volcanic edifice and predate caldera
formation.